Question.950 - PART 4: TRUSTWORTHINESS AND SUMMARY Trustworthiness—summarize across the different data sources and respond to the following: What themes are in common? What sources have different themes? Explain the trustworthiness of your findings, in terms of: Credibility Transferability Dependability strategies Confirmability SUMMARY Based on the results of your analyses, how would you answer the question: “What is the meaning of social change for Walden graduate students?” Self-Reflection—Has your own understanding of you as a positive social change agent changed? Explain your reasoning. Based on your review of the three articles on social change, which one is aligned with your interests regarding social change and why?
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Part 4 and Summary of Major Assignment 2 Nyhrie Chapman Waldenu University Course: RSCH-8300J-1/ RSCH-8310J Research Theory, Design and Methods Professor Nancy Beth Blank May 7th, 2023 Part 1, 2 and Annotated Bibliography of Major Assignment 1 Problem Statement In the recent years, social media has been an integral part of t peoples day-to-day life, and several startups are using social media as the basis for setting their business and push the sales to their target market. Social Media is primarily driven by the generation Z and Millennials. Although, it has a whole array of benefits, there is a negative side to the influence it has on the academic performance and on the influence on the criminal justice. One example could be how the Black Live Matter movement stirred the younger generations. On one side, it motivated the masses to study better to find themselves an identity through better grade in academics. While on the other side, the social media spread led to vandalism and robber of several stores in New York, Miami, California and several other states. There was a live telecast of vandalism on air. According to Gruman (2016) the strain from the peer actions leads the people to abnormally behave in a socially deviant manner and to perform anti-social activities that reflect ones criminal side due the portrayal of particular news on social media outlets. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of social media on academic performance and criminal justice in order to better understand this phenomenon and identify potential areas for intervention and improvement. For younger generations, social media has become an essential aspect of daily life, with many entrepreneurs using it to reach out to potential customers. While social media has many advantages, it has a detrimental influence on academic achievement and criminal justice. For example, the Black Lives Matter movement resulted in a mixed bag of positive and negative results among the younger generations, with some experiencing improved academic drive and others experiencing vandalism and robbery. According to Gruman (2016), the influence of peers on social media can lead to individuals engaging in socially deviant and illegal activity. Despite increased worry about social media's detrimental influence, there remains a scarcity of in-depth qualitative study on the subject. The purpose of this research is to fill that vacuum by investigating the impact of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice in order to find possible areas for intervention and improvement. This research will help to improve knowledge of the phenomena and advise future policies and practices. Purpose statement Social media has become an essential part of people's everyday lives, with companies embracing it to establish their businesses and target their customers. While social media has many advantages, studies show it has a detrimental impact on academic achievement and criminal justice. Previous research has indicated that social media can cause stress and aberrant conduct, which can lead to anti-social and criminal behavior (Gruman, 2016). Furthermore, social media has been connected to the distribution of knowledge about social justice movements, which can have both beneficial and negative consequences for academic achievement and criminal justice. Despite substantial study, there remains a void in the literature that examines the relationship between social media, academic achievement, and criminal justice. As a result, the goal of this research is to delve deeper into this phenomena and discover relevant areas for intervention and development. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice concerns in a target group aged 16 to 55 in an academic context. Following authorization and an evaluation of the participant count, the particular setting for this research will be selected. This research is based on constructivist epistemology and ontology, and it aims to explain the subjective experiences and perceptions of the phenomena of interest in relation to social and cognitive factors. A university campus' naturalistic environment is pertinent to the phenomenon of interest because it creates a context where social media usage and academic achievement meet, and where students may confront criminal justice difficulties. As an outsider in the setting, the researcher must understand their positionality and associated biases. Interviews, focus groups, and document analysis may be used as data sources. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice concerns among the target group. Key Findings According to research conducted by Junco (2012) results in stating that the influence and impact of social media on producing negative consequences on academic performances in term of lowering the grades of users due to the excessive usage. Based on the study conducted by Lao and Li (2018) proved signs of addiction, the participants of the study were unable to concentrate on the academics when engaging in social media. Considering the study conducted by Patchin and Hinduja (2014) on various age groups to assess in the impact of social media on them and the results showed that the participants often engage in activities like cyberbullying such as harassment. Social media has become an essential aspect of many people's everyday life, especially among the younger generations. However, the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice has grown in importance as a field of study. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of social media on academic achievement, with many revealing poor results. According to Junco (2012), students who use Facebook regularly and participate in Facebook activities have lower grade point averages (GPAs) than those who use Facebook less frequently. Similarly, Lao and Li (2018) discovered that social media addiction was negatively connected with academic performance, with self-regulation mediating the connection. In addition to its influence on academic achievement, social media has been connected to unfavorable criminal justice results. Patchin and Hinduja (2014) discovered that teenagers who participated in cyberbullying and other types of online violence were more likely to have low self-esteem, anxiety, and sadness, which might lead to future criminal conduct. Similarly, Kuss and Griffiths (2017) discovered that excessive social media usage was associated with problematic behaviors such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, and hazardous decision-making, all of which may raise the possibility of criminal conduct. Given the rising volume of study on the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice, much remains to be learnt about this complicated subject. More study is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind these correlations and to discover relevant intervention and improvement areas. Research Question How does social media impact the academic performance of university students and influence criminal justice? How does social media usage affect academic achievement among university students, and what is the link between social media use and criminal justice concerns such as cyberbullying and other online behaviors? Gaps in study Although there is both positive and negative impact of social media, there is not standardized approach in terms of understanding the contributing factors the outcomes. There is a need to qualitatively assess the social media in relation with academic performance and criminal justice in order to have a comprehensive analysis of the contributing factors under various setting and what could be the causes that leads one to behave the way they do when engaging social activities digitally. While prior research has found a link between social media use and academic achievement, there is a lack of standardized methodologies to studying the determinants and effects. According to Junco (2012)'s research, social media use has a detrimental impact on academic performance, with excessive use leading to worse marks. Furthermore, Lao and Li (2018) discovered that social media addiction was connected with a difficulty to concentrate on academic work. However, these studies mostly focus on the detrimental influence of social media on academic achievement, with little study investigating the possible positive impacts. There is an urgent need to investigate the influence of social media on criminal justice. While there have been allegations of social media being used for criminal activities such as cyberbullying (Patchin & Hinduja, 2014), research on the association between social media use and criminal behavior is lacking. This is especially crucial in light of recent events surrounding the Black Lives Matter movement, in which social media played a big role in mobilizing and coordinating demonstrations. It's unknown if the usage of social media during these events altered criminal behavior or views toward criminal justice. As a result, a qualitative examination of the link between social media use, academic achievement, and criminal justice is required. A detailed investigation of the contributing components in diverse locations and situations would allow for a full explanation of the causes that lead individuals to behave the way they do when engaging in social activities online. This research would aid in the development of standardized methodologies for analyzing the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice, in addition to the identification of possible areas for intervention and improvement. Annotated Bibliography Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, 58(1), 162-171. This study examines the relationship between Facebook use and student engagement. Junco surveyed 1,839 college students and resulted that student who spent more time on Facebook had lower levels of engagement with academic activities. The study suggests that social media use may be a potential distraction for students, affecting their academic performance. Lao, K., & Li, L. (2018). Impact of social media usage on academic performance of university students: A case study of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 10(4), 481-492. This study investigates the impact of social media use on academic performance among university students in Bangladesh. Although the study belong to a another countries, the parameters used in this study are identical to the qualitative study were conducting with similar research setting. Some of the specifics from the study include the survey conducted on 402 students and found a negative correlation between social media use and academic performance. The study suggests that excessive social media use may interfere with academic activities and reduce students' academic performance, in terms of causing Updated Annotated Bibliography Bales, K. (2019). Social media and criminal justice: An examination of the impact of social media use on the criminal justice system. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 56, 55-68. Bales examines the influence and impact of social media on the criminal justice system in terms of how justices are given with the aid of information from the social media. This research provides a critical analysis of the influence of social media on law enforcement practices, the court system, and corrections. Bales argues that social media can play a significant role in shaping public opinion, and law enforcement agencies should consider the implications of social media use in their operations. This article provides a survey of the literature on the influence of social media on the criminal justice system. Bales addresses how social media may be used to perpetrate crimes, such as cyberbullying and online harassment, as well as how it can be utilized to aid in investigations and prosecutions. The author also delves into the obstacles that social media presents to the criminal justice system, such as the difficulty in validating information and the necessity for new regulations and procedures to handle the particular concerns that social media presents. The article gives a thorough review of the available literature on the subject and indicates critical topics for further investigation. Theory Article Lynch, M. J., & Garland, D. (2020). Social media and the criminal justice system: Theoretical perspectives. Criminology & Public Policy, 19(1), 69-84. This theory article?investigates the many theoretical views available for understanding the interaction between social media and the criminal justice system. The authors investigate how social media may be used to support crime, how social media shapes public perceptions of crime and justice, and how social media affects the work of criminal justice professionals. They also investigate the possibility of social media being used as a tool for social control and monitoring, as well as the implications for privacy and civil rights. The paper offers a useful theoretical framework for comprehending the complicated and multidimensional interaction between social media and criminal justice. McQuade, S. C. (2018). Social media and the transformation of criminal justice: A review of institutional and emergent uses. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 29(3), 371-390. The theoretical ramifications of social media for the criminal justice system are examined in this essay. The author contends that social media is fundamentally changing criminal justice in both institutional and emergent ways. Institutional applications of social media, that include public relations and community engagement, are altering how criminal justice institutions communicate with the general public. Emerging uses of social media in criminal justice, especially citizen journalism and activism, are undermining conventional power systems. The paper finishes by urging more research into the entire range of social media's consequences for criminal justice. Research Article Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222. This study looks at the link between social media use, social comparison, and self-esteem. The authors directed a survey of college students to investigate the effects of social media use on self-esteem and the function of social comparison in this process. According to the findings, social media use is connected with higher social comparison, which might lead to poorer self-esteem. The study also discovered that the sort of information individuals are exposed to on social media moderates the association between social media use and self-esteem. The article sheds light on the psychological mechanisms that underpin the influence of social media on people's well-being. Cao, X., Cuevas, R., Wang, X., & Xia, S. (2019). Social media and criminal justice: A review and research agenda. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 30(3), 450-469. Cao et al. provide a comprehensive review of the literature on social media and criminal justice. The study identifies the different ways in which social media is used in criminal justice, including policing, crime prevention, and community engagement. The researcher have provided further scope in terms of exploring the potential of social media in enhancing the effectiveness and transparency of the criminal justice system. Potential Social Change The study can serve to raise awareness about the influence of social media on academic achievement and criminal justice at the local and community levels. The findings may be shared with educational institutions, law enforcement agencies, and community organizations to assist them realize the possible dangers of social media use. This can lead to the creation of tailored treatments and preventative initiatives aimed at lowering social media's detrimental influence on academic achievement and criminal justice. At the regional level, the findings can serve to shape social media policies and standards in educational and criminal justice contexts. The results of the research, for instance, may be used to design standards for social media use in schools and institutions, detailing which behaviors are appropriate and which are not. Similarly, the findings may be used to inform criminal justice policy about social media use, such as rules for social media surveillance and investigations. At the national level, the study can help to formulate national-level laws and regulations concerning social media use. The study's results, for example, can be utilized to help formulate national-level recommendations for social media use in educational institutions and the criminal justice system. Furthermore, the study's findings can be used to inform the creation of national-level legislation governing social media platforms, such as those governing cyberbullying and harassment. Part 4 Trustworthiness and Summary Considering the research conducted by Thomas et al. (2009), which evaluates the role of prosocial emotions in motivating individuals towards the execution of actions aimed at bringing about social transformation, while the study employs a mixed-methods research approach, incorporating a survey, focus groups, and interviews, to collect data from respondents. In the process of data analysis, the researchers sought to evaluate the veracity and reliability of their research results. The study found that respondents had emotional reactions and exhibited empathy and compassion in response to instances of social injustice or affliction. These shared experiences created a sense of moral duty to take action and address the issues at hand. Various data sources confirmed these trends. The participants of the research expressed how important it was for them to have a sense of self-efficacy when participating in social transformation initiatives. They believed that through their actions, they could truly bring about change. This strong belief in their own effectiveness was a major motivator for their involvement. The study postulated that discrepant data sources yielded discrete themes. The data gathered from the survey indicated that individuals were more inclined to participate in collective action when they perceived a sense of shared identity with fellow individuals or groups. The findings obtained from the focus group data indicate that the impact of social norms, as well as the persuasiveness of peers and community, exert considerable influence in inspiring individuals to actively pursue social change. Regarding the veracity of the results, the research employed multiple measures to augment the authenticity, applicability, consistency, and verifiability of the information. In order to establish credibility, the researchers employed a myriad of data sources and approaches to triangulate the outcome, which in turn helped to furnish validity to the overall findings. Member checks were performed, affording participants the opportunity to evaluate and provide feedback on the veracity of the collected data. In order to enhance transferability, the researchers furnished elaborate accounts of the methods and procedures adopted in the study, thus enabling its replication and juxtaposition with similar investigations. The researchers further endeavored to guarantee that the sample constituents constituted a heterogeneous array of backgrounds and viewpoints, thereby augmenting the generalizability of the outcomes to alternate contexts. Concerning dependability, the investigators employed a standardized coding system to guarantee consistent and dependable data analysis across varying sources. The researchers undertook the practice of retaining meticulous records of the study methods, specifically pertaining to the recruitment process, data acquisition, and statistical analysis. This approach was implemented to augment the clarity and reliability of the research outcomes. In addition to ensuring confirmability, the research team conducted a thorough reflexivity analysis whereby they critically examined and reflected upon their own biases and assumptions that may have emerged during the research process. The utilization of this approach enabled the researchers to mitigate the risk of potential biases and thereby enhance the accuracy with which the participants' experiences were captured in the data. In conclusion, the research conducted by Thomas, McGarty, and Mavor (2009) has contributed valuable insights pertaining to the significance of prosocial emotions in motivating individuals to participate in activities aimed at implementing social change; since the research as intended, utilized a mixed-methods approach, coupled with strategies aimed at bolstering the trustworthiness of the research, thereby augmenting the credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of the resulting findings. Summary The question pertaining to trustworthiness is interconnected to the presented information as it underscores the significance of establishing the credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of research findings within an academic context. The information provided emphasizes the dearth of comprehensive qualitative research on the influence of social media on both academic attainment and the field of criminal justice. The impetus for conducting the present study is rooted in the varied outcomes of utilizing social media among younger populations, incorporating both beneficial and detrimental effects. Hence, the veracity of research outcomes is imperative to guide policy formulation and implementation aimed at ameliorating the adverse repercussions of social media while augmenting its favorable impact. For Walden graduate students, the definition of social change emerges as a complex event, influenced by various social and cognitive factors that revolve around academic accomplishments, social platforms, and legal matters. Concerning academic achievement and criminal justice, it has been discovered via the study that the usage of social media has both favorable and unfavorable outcomes, indicating the necessity of steps to be taken through intervention and advancement in this domain. The researcher's comprehension of themselves as promoters of encouraging social transformation could have been transformed by self-reflection. The awareness of the intricate social and cognitive components influencing academic achievement and the criminal justice system gained through researching social change could have contributed to this shift. References Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2014). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin press. Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, 58(1), 162-171. Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. Lao, J., & Li, D. (2018). The relationship between social media addiction and academic performance among undergraduates: The mediating role of self-regulation. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 56(8), 1386-1402. Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2014). Cyberbullying and self-esteem. Journal of School Health, 84(5), 300-307. Thomas, E.F., MCGarty, C., & Mavor, K.I. (2009). Transforming "Apathy into movement": The role of prosocial emotions in motivation action for social changeLinks to an external site. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 13(4), 310-333. Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., & Coutts, L. M. (2005).?Applied social psychology: Understanding and addressing social and practical problems. Sage Publications, Inc.More Articles From Research
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