Question.551 - Take three (or more) concepts from this chapter and demonstrate that you understand them by giving an example that is not in your book. The example may be a personal application, a story, a tie-in to something that you have read or heard, etc. The example that you use must be directly tied in with the concept that you are discussing, and you must clearly draw the connection. Use correct grammar.
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Chapter 15 application Cognitive dissonance The discomfort felt due to two contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes is referred to as cognitive dissonance. It is a theory that states that when two cognitions are incompatible, they will change until they are compatible (Harmon-Jones & Mills, 2019). For example, when I was a teenager, I became addicted to smoking despite knowing that it is terrible for my health. I was experiencing cognitive dissonance due to this predicament, but after I realized what was going on, I began to practice abstinence. I try to keep myself under check. I was eventually able to reduce it t. However, maintaining control was extremely difficult for me, but I was ultimately successful with the aid of my dad. Inductive reasoning Inductive reasoning is the process of reasoning from the specific to the general. It entails extrapolating generalizations from specific observations. It's a bottom-up method in which the premises don't always guarantee the conclusion (Hayes & Swendsen, 2010). Examples Hailey just moved here from China. Hailey has red hair. Therefore, all people from China have red hair All black dogs in the park today are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs must be black (Goswami, U , 2011). Deductive reasoning Deductive statements begin with a general assertion and progress to logical conclusions, or it is a process that moves from general to specific. It is a top-down strategy in which the premises are accurate and the findings are valid. The inference is invalid when the conclusion does not flow logically from the premises (Schechter, J. 2013). Examples All birds have feathers. All robins are birds. Therefore, robins have feathers All noble gases are stable. Helium is a noble gas, so helium is stable. Bandwagon fallacy It's a fallacy based on the assumption that something is natural or acceptable because everyone else believes it. It's a form of reasoning-based logical fallacy. Other names for this fallacy include "appeal to popularity" and "appeal to the gallery( Greenberg, 2005). Example of Bandwagon Fallacy - Mary is opposed to Instagram because she prefers face-to-face communication. However, because all of Mary's pals have joined Instagram, she feels compelled to do so. References Ayalon, M., & Even, R. (2008). Deductive reasoning: In the eye of the beholder. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 69(3), 235-247. Greenberg, R. (2005). The bandwagon. EuropaThe Ocean Moon: Search for an Alien Biosphere, 313-321.retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b138547 Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (2019). An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory.retrived fromhttps://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-11198-001 Hayes, B. K., Heit, E., & Swendsen, H. (2010). Inductive reasoning. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: Cognitive science, 1(2), 278-292. Heit, E. (2000). Properties of inductive reasoning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(4), 569-592.More Articles From Psychology
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