Question.3992 - General Psychology: Quiz 2: Chapters 8-14-Please define the following terms… Assimilation Secure attachment Prosocial behavior Set point Sexual orientation Hierarchy of needs Supererego Archetypes Behavioral Genetics 10.Empathy 11.Social Loafing Secure attachment 13.Abnormal behavior 14.OCD 15.Dissociative fugue 16.Flat affect 17.Transference 18.Well being therapy 19.Health behaviors 20.Coping
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Assimilation In other words, assimilation is the way through which newcomers try to fit the newly learnt information into their QBs or the existing schemas. For example, when a child come across a new breed of a dog they place such an animal in the general database that they have of dogs . This process serves as important to keep cognitive balance because new knowledge can be easily integrated into previously formed structures. Secure Attachment Secure attachment means a positive relationship characterized by safety between the caregiver and the child. The children who develop attachment have safe haven to play and to explore the environment since they know they can seek for comfort from the caregiver at any one time. This foundation contributes to healthier relationships in adulthood because these persons usually have greater levels of emotional intelligence and social competence. Prosocial Behavior This refers to the purposeful and deliberate conduct aimed at creating positive effect on other people in a personal establishment and works, in a theater and familys cohesion, sharing and comforting. These behaviors are important for development of interpersonal relationship and well-being of the society. Elements affecting prosocial conduct include preschool ages, attitudes, and environment refer to the principles of altruism in human relations. Set Point Consequently, set point theory postulates that each person has his/her weight range within which his/ her body works to maintain. This concept argues that when the bodys weight has either reduced, or increased to be filled, it will adjust the hunger and energy burning to the set points. This understanding alone can go a long way to explaining why it is that so many people struggle to keep those necessary pounds off long term. Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation is a persons characteristic pattern of attraction in terms of sexuality, affection or desire toward people of the same sex, opposite sex, both, or neither. It could comprise of Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and many other labels. Sexual orientation refers to the attraction a person has or desires for those of the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes and is important for personal identity affecting mental health and relationship. Hierarchy of Needs The important stance of this theory is being referred to as the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which aims as presenting human motivation in the form of a pyramid. The base is physiological needs, which are food, water, shelter, clothing etc, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem, and last is self-actualization. According to this framework, there is a priority to meet the lower level needs before moving to higher level needs. Superego It is one of the three parts of psyche model by Sigmund Freud, which has been derived from the individuals parents and societys ethical norms. The regulatory type controls behavior and enforces guilt or pride concerning noncompliance or conformity with these moral values. The superego acts as the mediator of the id and the ego, preventing the id from grasping what the ego prevents it from getting. Archetypes Archetypes are global and are images and ideas, which are recurrent in societies and literature and are general expressions of basic human experiences. Carl Jung buried numerous archetypes which are the Hero, Mother and the Shadow which are available in myths, dreams and fables. These archetypes make the human being understand himself and to be able to relate with other human beings and even generically. Behavioral Genetics Behavioural genetics is the scientific field that examines the relationship between genes and behaviour, and mental characteristics in particular. This field explores how the genetic and the environment influence such aspects of peoples behavior. Much of its research is done using twin studies and family studies to look for the differences between nature and nurture. Empathy It may therefore be defined as the ability to identify with a fellow human being. This as a means of distinguishing between the identification of emotions and the experience of them on the part of the individual. Empathy leads to formation of social relations and compassion is important for all fields of interaction. Social Loafing Social loafing means a situation whereby one will be less productive when working in group, than he/she will be when working individually. This behaviour may occur due lack of personal responsibility or when there is perceived anonymity in a group project. To improve the efficiency of cooperation and the performance of the teams, there is a necessity to learn about the worsening phenomenon we call social loafing. Abnormal Behavior Abnormal behavior means a thought process or emotion that greatly excludes the typical range of human behavior. Some of these behaviours may suggest presence of psychological disorders or stress related disorders while others may show lot of Temporal Variation across cultures. Abnormality is therefore an important determinant of diagnosis and treatment in psychological disorders. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is one of the anxiety disorders which is heralded by unrelenting obsession and compulsions that a patient indulges in to overcome anxiety. Sufferers with OCD have insight into the fact that their thoughts are unrealistic but cannot resist carrying out compulsive behaviors. The usual approach to management includes counseling and the use of drugs. Dissociative Fugue Dissociative fugue is a sub-type of dissociative disorder and is characterized by a person absconding from their home or regular place of work without the ability to recall previous lifestyle or who they are. This state might last for different periods and it mostly comes from stress or trauma. The sort of care implemented here aims at psychotherapy so that people can recover their lost memory. Flat Affect Flat affect is a clinical presentation in which a patient displays a restricted emotional range or feelings. Espoused flat affect as some patients may look pale or not be excited even though they internally they feel so. This condition is commonly with other mental conditions such as schizophrenia or depression. Transference Transference is a defense mechanism showing in psychotherapy where a client has emotional reactions towards the therapist that, in fact, relate to someone else important in the clients lives. These may help the treatment process when seeing patient may found out that he has many unrecognized conflicts or emotions in his or her previous relations. Transference is an important concept for therapists to understand because it manages these dynamics. Well-Being Therapy Well-being therapy is directed at increasing a persons quality of life using the tools of positive psychology. It focuses on the positives rather than the negatives and practices which create happiness, satisfaction and / or bounce back capabilities. Such procedures may taste like classic exercise of mindfulness and gratitude, as well as goal setting, focusing on the quality of life. Health Behaviors Healthy practices are behaviors that people undertake that benefit or harm their health in some way. Examples of these behaviors are what you eat, how physically active you are, smoking, and whether or not you follow your doctors instructions. A major focus in clinical practice is to encourage healthy lifestyles as a means of reducing illness and improving health. Coping Coping strategies are defined as the ways in which people handle stressors or demands in their life. These strategies may be healthy or pathological, as they can either be problem solving in nature, or avoiding. Proper coping strategies further strengthens peoples coping ability and wellness on the other hand careless coping can worsen any stress related disorders.More Articles From Psychology
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