Question.2903 - Unit 2 Examination General instructions: Answer the appropriate number of questions and submit your answers to me via the assignment drop box on the web site. Please remember to use course sources and to cite the sources that you use. More information on the examinations can be found on the exam overview sheet that is posted with this assignment. Identification questions: Please answer FIVE of the following questions. The identification questions ask you to identify a person, place or thing and then give the greater significance or importance of that person, place or thing to modern world history. More details of the requirements are on the examination overview sheet. 2.1. Hanseatic League 2.2. revolutionary millenarianism 2.3. Dutch East India Company 2.4. Suleiman the Magnificent 2.5. Tokugawa 2.6. monocultures 2.7. Saint-Domingue Essay questions: Answer only ONE of the following two essay questions. More details of the requirements are on the examination overview sheet. 2.10. How does the study of modern imperialism help us to understand why some countries that were colonies until recently are suspicious of economic globalization today? 2.11. Develop in detail the links between modern imperialism and economic globalization since 1500 ce.
Answer Below:
Hanseatic League Hanseatic League was founded in 1356 to promote trade between the allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts. Ubeck was the pioneer city of Hanseatic League. Trade started in the Genoa city of Italy.it had in specialised geographically. This led to urbanisation. There was development all over. Most of the development took place in Europe by organising life of the people. According to Gerald of Wales in the 1180s, “progresses from the woods to the fields and from the fields to the towns and the gatherings of citizens.” –this shows development took place in every part of Europe. (Text, pg. 229) Revolutionary millenarianism Revolutionary millenarianism started in 1350 in Europe and china. The doctrine said that god empowered the poor. In 1381 the doctrine of egalitarianism was initiated. Both these doctrine preached the same lesson. To put an end to the struggle of good and evil where the ‘new Buddha’ was appointed to help the poor’s from the oppressors. (Text, pg.376) Dutch East India Company After the intense struggle of 3year merchants of Amsterdam formed a company in 1602 known as Dutch East India Company. They created monopoly in the Asian trade market by replacing Portuguese in Holland. This was the first company to issue shares in the market. Dutch company was successful because of their aggressive policies, speed and the efficiency of their route, they had a good partnership with the Japanese traders which contributed a lot to their profitability. They used Japanese silver to buy cotton and pepper for Indian market. (Text, pg.446) Tokugawa Tokugawa Shogun ate took power in Japan in 1603, when there was no law in the country. Tokugawa is the family of shoguns that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. Tokugawa ruled shoguns as the chief mister whereas emperors performed their rites and rituals in Kyoto. During their rule, there were daimyo who came noble families and ruled japan province. Shoguns most of the time transferred daimyo duties to different places. Some were not even appointed for ruling the province whereas some inherited the throne. Shoguns helped daimyo in arranging marriages. (Text, pg. 557) Saint-Domingue 1520–1566 Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire) It was said that sultans representative were chosen in uniform way but that was not the case in reality. Sultan’s representatives were sultan slaves. These slaves served in sultans household and thereafter they were chosen as provincial commands. Their expenses were borne by the sultans from the revenue generated in that area. They were not even given any kind of promotion and their career end up as provincial administrator. Governor were selected from the army which gave power to the governors. (Text, pg.546) 1. How does the study of modern imperialism help us to understand why some countries that were colonies until recently are suspicious of economic globalization? The debate over economic globalization is largely an economic one. It involves political traditional and regional in addition to economical issues. Americans and many Europeans and Japanese views economic globalisation as multinational companies in world economy. People who lived in former colonies were suspicious of multinational companies because they were linked to imperialism. American s viewed coco cola and Microsoft as big business but for poor countries they were just American companies. Americans viewed globalisation as taking business from local or state level to national level. First such business was railways where trains ran across different geographical region. After railways ship and telegraph business also evolved. American started expanding their business in neighbouring nations like Canada, Mexico. Europeans expanded in their home colonies. By twentieth century it was seen companies had expanded in size and scope. Most of the companies then had their headquarters in United States, japan and European Union. In 1920s world was suffering from economic depression. This scenario was created because of breakdown of international economic system in 1920s & 1930s which in turn led to world war II. Government of all the countries started taking steps to overcome depression. The first major step was reducing imports and protecting domestic industries and jobs. But these steps had worsened the situation. People in Germany, japan and elsewhere turned out to be the military dictators to solve their problems and this also one of the reason for World War II. In 1944-48, United States started planning to remake the world economy. It was the beginning of global economy that we have today. It started in 1944 when Bretton wood system was developed. The system was named as Bretton wood system because it took place in Bretton woods in New Hampshire, the United States. Here dollar was made the vehicle currency for all the countries. All transaction took place in dollar. For calculation of cross rate, dollar was used as base currency. This was done to promote free trade on global basis. In Bretton woods system two main organisation was formed. These organisation were: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These two organisation still exists. These organisation served in the same manner as Federal Reserve Bank of United States. It helped in maintain the economic balance in all the country by funding it as and when required. In 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was developed.it was formed with an intention of reducing trade barriers so that goods can flow freely among the countries. Today GATT is known as World trade organisation and it does the same job as GATT. Thereafter European Union was formed followed by NAFTA. In today’s economy we have many such organisation. World economy in 1954 First World encouraged and gave birth to global economy based on capitalism and free trade between the economies. This principle was laid down by United States in the year 1944 Second world (Soviet Union and communist allies) was against capitalism and believed in government planning. Third world is where half the population lives. Both first and second world wants the support of third world. (Lecture, pg. 106) World economy today United States and America both dreamt of having the free trade economy but this is something they will also not abide. There are rules to be followed by the country to the have free trade but every country wish to retain some aspect of it. The second possibility is of three competing world economic superpowers: an American group led by the United States, European one led by Germany and France, and an Asian one led by Japan and China. Differences lie among these areas also. Today’s economy is partially integrated and partially secluded. Today none of the country is totally dependent on another country. We trade with one another to reap benefits. (Lecture, pg101-106)More Articles From History
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