Question.493 - Chapter 11 - Logic and Critical thinking
Answer Below:
Chapter 11 Exercises Exercise 11.1 3) No, science cannot be identified with a particular worldview. 4) Motivated reasoning is having a partly belief, which is at some point we expect it to be true. 5) Science is such a reliable way of knowing because it demands knowledge of empirical facts. Exercise 11.2 1) Hypothesis: Women performed better than men in scientific process. Test: If the women understand the scientific process and answer well for the questions than men, then we can say women are better performers. 2) Hypothesis: Two guys are perpetrating a Bigfoot hoax. Test Implication If the two guys are perpetrating a hoax, then monitoring their behavior day and night should yield evidence of hoaxing activity. 5) Hypothesis: The CIA did not review the president's state of the union speech Test: CIA office should be questioned about who was responsible to review the speech to understand whether it was intentional mistake or accidental. 8) Hypothesis: Diets have high saturated fat Test: The high saturated fat in diets causes higher risk of coronary disease. Exercise 11.3 1) Placebo effect - we know already that the placebo effect is very powerful in influencing how people feel. This is simpler than assuming that acupuncture condenses the pain 3) Theory: Local climate changes. Competing theory: Heat from volcanic activity around the planet is melting the glaciers. Both theories are about equal in terms of testability, fruitfulness, and scope. The volcanic theory on the other hand, is neither simple nor conservative. It is not simple because it assumes an unknown process. It is not conservative because it is not consistent with what is known about the effects of heat from volcanoes. Exercise 11.4 1) Test Implication: If Elise has the power to move physica; objects with her mind, she can move with her hands as well. The test would disconfirm the theory 2) Test Implication: If brighter street lights decrease the crime rate, then reducing the brightness of the lights should increase the crime rate. The test would likely confirm the theory. 3) Test Implication: If the Ultra-sonic 2000 pest-control device can rid a house of roaches by emitting a particular sound of frequency that humans cant hear, then it has no bad impacts on humans hearing ability. It is likely to disconfirm the theory. Exercise 11.5 Passage 1 1) The phenomenon being explained is backward messages are hidden unintentionally in all human speech . 2) Scientific theory 3) Criteria of adequacy: If reverse speech did exist it would be, at the very least, a noteworthy scientific discovery. 4) Test Implication: If reverse speech did exist it would be, at the very least, a noteworthy scientific discovery. Although, there is no data to support the existence of reverse speech or Oatess theories about its implications.More Articles From Philosophy
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