Question.2381 - After previewing guidelines for the final project, review the sample final projects written by previous students in this course zip. These examples illustrate how the three milestones fit together to form the final project and how the reflection paper applies what the students learned. In this journal assignment, write any questions you may have for clarification regarding these sample papers. If you do not have any questions, provide one to two sentences on what you are looking forward to writing about in your final project. This is a pass/fail activity. You will gain points by participating. Two written piece selected "Brokeback Mountain - by Annie Proulx" and "Maurice by E.M. Forster"
Answer Below:
Part I An Analysis and Critique of the Linguistic Features of Pride and Prejudice and To Kill a Mockingbird Milestone 1—1.1 Linguistic Features Linguistic analyses of both similar and vastly different sources prove the English language evolves over the course of time. Two differing sources are Pride and Prejudice, which Jane Austen wrote between 1796-97 and later published in 1813, and To Kill a Mockingbird, which Harper Lee wrote in the late 1950’s and published in 1960. One way they differ is Austen utilized proper, grammatically correct language to depict her romantic comedy about England’s upper class society, while Lee employed laid-back, often stigmatized language to portray racial injustice in Alabama during the United States’ Depression. This paper will analyze other linguistic principals within the aforementioned novels, including semantics, dialects, and historical influences, and thereby further illustrate the English language’s fluidity. 1.2 Rationale for Selection About a hundred and fifty years separate the writing of Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Additionally, Austen was a British writer who wrote about English society, and Lee was an American writer who wrote of life among commoners within the southern United States. Besides revealing the evolution of the English language, these wide USED WITH PERMISSION Template Revised November 2, 2018 MILESTONE ONE LNAMEN 2 spans of time and distance also illuminate the historical changes that have occurred within peoples and societies. 1.3 Morphological and Phonological Perspectives Both Austen and Lee utilize morphological and phonological techniques to convey the themes and elements in their novels. For example, Austen incorporates morphology to more fully delineate her characters’ voices when she, as the narrator, employs multiple polymorphemic words such as “astonishment,” “surpassing,” and “conjecturing” (p. 4) while several of the character’s dialogues are mostly comprised of monomorphemic or simple polymorphemic words. ”I am sorry to hear that;” he says, “but why did not you tell me that before?” (Austen, p. 4). Likewise, Lee masterfully utilizes phonology to emphasize meanings. For instance, when Lee states through her viewpoint character, “Dill blushed and Jem told me to hush, a sure sign . . .” (p. 8), her words not only indicate Jem told her to be quiet, but also the palatal articulator sh sound echoes through the sentence almost as if the speaker had literally said, “shhhhhhhh.” Another morphological/phonological feature of Austen’s work as compared to Lee’s is the use or non-use of clitics; i.e. contracted words that are phonologically dependent on another word but are likewise grammatically independent” (Denham, 2012, p. 151). True, early English writers like Shakespeare utilized clitics (Denham, p. 173), but such use happened before the adoption of prescriptive grammatical rules in the middle-to-late eighteenth century. Furthermore, while those rules clarified what was and was not correct English, they also labeled those who broke them as being uneducated (Denham, pp. 394-97). Thus, it is not surprising that Austen’s novel, which was published soon after the formation of USED WITH PERMISSION Template Revised November 2, 2018 MILESTONE ONE LNAMEN 3 the prescriptive rules, incorporates few if any clitics. Instead, Austen writes sentences like “Mr. Bennet replied he had not” (p. 1), and “I cannot find out that I hate her at all” (p. 106). Lee, on the other hand, regularly incorporates clitics as she portrays both her educated and uneducated characters. In fact, in Lee’s very first paragraph, she states through Scout, a child, “He couldn’t have cared less” (p. 3). Furthermore, Atticus, an educated lawyer, uses such clitics as that’ll (p. 153), They’ve (p. 155), and won’t (p. 155). What is perhaps Lee’s most interesting clitic use, however, is her utilization of ain’t. Even today, while ain’t follows the rules of other clitics, it is stigmatized as being a mark of an uneducated or careless person (Denham, p. 173). In keeping with that stigma, it is only Lee’s children and otherwise uneducated characters that use the word ain’t. “Ain’t nobody gonna do Jem that way,” Scout says (p. 153); and Mayella, an abused and barely educated young woman, states, “I ain’t called upon to take it” (p. 182). USED WITH PERMISSION Template Revised November 2, 2018 MILESTONE ONE LNAMEN 4 Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. SoHoBooks, 1813. Denham, K. Linguistics for Everyone An Introduction Second Edition. United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. Lee, H. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1960.More Articles From Literature
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