Question.5035 - Week 8Moral EquivalenceDiscussionRequired ResourcesRead/review the following resources for this activity:LessonArticlesGardner, M. N., & Brandt, A. M. (2006). "The doctors' choice is America's choice": The physician in US cigarette advertisements, 1930-1953Links to an external site.. American Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.066654Horner, G., Daddona, J., Burke, D. J., Cullinane, J., Skeer, M., & Wurcel, A. G. (2019). “You’re kind of at war with yourself as a nurse”: Perspectives of inpatient nurses on treating people who present with a comorbid opioid use disorder.Links to an external site. PlOS One, 14(10), e0224335–e0224335. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224335Judd, D., King, C. R., & Galke, C. (2023). The opioid epidemic: A review of the contributing factors, negative consequences, and best practicesLinks to an external site.. Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 15(7), e41621–e41621. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41621Lown, B. A., & Goldberg, M. J. (2020). Do physicians have collective, not just individual, obligations to respond to the opioid crisis?Links to an external site. AMA Journal of Ethics, 22(8), e668-e674. https://doi.org/Links to an external site.10.1001/amajethics.2020.668Initial Post InstructionsIntroductionThe medical profession has a muddled and contradictory association with its approach toward the tobacco industry. While the profession now firmly opposes smoking and vigorously publicizes the serious, even fatal, health hazards associated with smoking, this was not always so. Advertisements for tobacco products, including cigarettes, ". . . became a ready source of income for numerous medical organizations and journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), as well as many branches and bulletins of local medical associations" (Wolinsky & Brune, 1994, as cited in Gardner & Brandt, 2006, p. 225). In tobacco industry advertisement, references to physicians and drawings or photographs of “doctors”—actually actors or models pretending to be doctors—were common. The story of the use of images of “physicians” and the promotion of smoking can be found in "The Doctors' Choice Is America's Choice" (Gardner & Brandt, 2006). The role of physicians in the current opioid crisis is now under scrutiny on television (Farmer, 2019) by trade publications (King, 2018), peer-reviewed journals (Judd et al., 2023; deShazo, et al., 2018), and by physicians themselves (American Medical Association, 2023; Lown & Goldberg, 2020; Hirsch, 2019). For the initial post, research the history of the association of doctors with tobacco companies and tobacco advertising. Read about the association of doctors with the opioid crisis. Then, address the following: Compare and evaluate the conduct of doctors in cigarette advertising campaigns and the opioid crisis in terms of the ethics of their professional response. Did they act appropriately in terms of the ethics of the medical profession? Explain your position and be very specific. Apply the concept of moral equivalence. Is the conduct of doctors in relation to smoking and the tobacco industry morally equivalent to the conduct of doctors in the opioid crisis? Explain your position and be very specific. Reflect on your own role as a healthcare professional in responding to the opioid crisis currently facing the nation. Follow-up Post InstructionsRespond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Writing RequirementsMinimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up) Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source) APA format for in-text citations and list of references GradingThis activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Review: Discussion GuidelinesOpen this document with ReadSpeaker docReaderReview the specific grading rubric by clicking on the three dots in the upper right corner. Course OutcomesCO 1: Define critical reasoning for application to personal and professional problem-solving. CO 5: Evaluate the role of cognitive bias and fallacies of relevance in critical reasoning and decision-making. CO 6: Apply principles of critical reasoning to political, educational, economic, and/or social issues. CO 7: Create a fallacy-free argument that incorporates principles of ethical decision-making.
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