Question.2658 - Comprehensive Exam Policies The Graduate College has specific requirements that the College of Professional and Continuing Studies must adhere to in administering the comprehensive exam. How is the exam received? ? The exam will be mailed to your OU email account only. Do not forward your OU email account to another provider as they may block the exam. Your OU email account is the only official email for the University of Oklahoma.When Can you Take the Comprehensive Exam? ? A student must complete the required and core courses and at least 75% of all coursework listed on the approved Admission to Candidacy form to be granted authority to the take the comprehensive exam.Retaking the Comprehensive Exam ? Students may receive a second opportunity to successfully pass the comprehensive exam at the discretion of the exam committee. A failure on any part (area) of the exam results in a failure of the entire exam and necessitates a retake of the exam. ? If a student fails one or two areas, he/she only rewrites those two areas. ? If a student fails three or four areas, then the entire exam must be rewritten ? New questions are provided for the rewrite. ? Students who are rewriting one or two questions have one week to answer the questions. Students rewriting the entire exam have two weeks.Plagarism All written academic work, including comprehensive exams, must be composed entirely of words generated (not simply found) by the student, except where words written by someone else are specifically marked as such with proper citation. When students misrepresent the origin of ideas or writing, this is plagiarism. Plagiarism is grounds for failure of assignment, failure of a course, or even removal from the university. Plagiarism is any of the following: ? To copy words and present them as your own writing.? To copy words, even if you give the source, unless you also indicate (with quotation marks and citation) that the copied words are a direct quotation. ? To copy words and then change them a little, even if you give the source. ? To present someone else's ideas as your own, even if you express them in your own words. ? To re-submit your prior work for additional credit in a different class or on the comprehensive exam (i.e. self-plagiarism)If you have questions about what constitutes plagiarism, review OU's The Exam Each exam is developed for each individual student by the exam committee. There are no standard exams. The Comp Exam is emailed (between 8:30 and 9:30 am on the start date) to each student's OU email account and they have two weeks to answer all areas and return the exam by email and submit it to Canvas under the Assignments drop box in this tutorial (by 5 p.m. on the exam return date). The exam will be reviewed by the plagiarism program TurnItIn. The start dates for the exams are established each term and students will be given a date range during the term in which they can start the exam. Exams cannot be started on weekends or holidays. If the exam is not returned by the deadline (5 p.m. on the exam return date), it is considered a failure.The Questions ? The comprehensive exam is a two-week, take-home examination consisting of four questions (areas) approved by the College for the student which is emailed to the student. The student will return the exam by email within the time limit to all committee members and the College of Professional and Continuing Studies. The exam consists of the following: ? One question covering the content in the Interdisciplinary Studies portion of the Master's program. ? One question covering the content in the Research Preparation portion of the Master's program. ? One question covering the content in the Specialized Study portion of the Master's program. ? One question related to a critical analysis of the readings required in the Master's Program.While the exam questions are not based on a particular course, they are generally based on areas of study within your degree program that were covered in courses.Question One: ? For all degree programs, question one is based on literature, theories and concepts covered in LSTD 5003 and LSTD 5013.Question Two: ? For all degree programs except Criminal Justice, question two is based on LSTD 5043/5083 and research theories, methods and concepts covered in LSTD 5043/5083 and all other LSTD courses where these were used. ? For the MSCJ program, question two is based on LSCJ 5063 and research theories, methods and concepts covered in LSCJ 5063 and all other LSTD or LSCJ courses where these were used.Question Three: ? For Administrative Leadership students, question three is based on LSAL 5113, LSAL 5133 and LSAL 5153. ? For Museum Studies students, question three is based on LSMS 5113, LSMS 5190 and one of the following: LSMS 5133, LSMS 5163, LSMS 5173 or LSMS 5183. ? For Health and Human Services Administration students, question three is based on LSHA 5113, LSHA 5133 and LSHA 5153. ? For Prevention Science students, question three is based on LSPS 5113, LSPS 5133, and LSPS 5173. ? For Criminal Justice students, question three is based on LSCJ 5113, LSCJ 5133, and LSCJ 5153.Question Four: ? For all degree programs, question four is based on any courses which were taken that are related to the degree option.The Answers ? Students are expected to write a 1,500 to 2,100 word paper for each question. ? Be sure to include literature reviews in your answer. You need to demonstrate that you are familiar with the literature in your field and can use it to support or debate your argument in each question.? Be sure that your list of references is adequate. You will need to include citations from books as well as articles in peer reviewed journals. Wikipedia, for example, is simply a compilation of ideas, opinions and unverified facts and will not be viewed as a legitimate reference in a comprehensive exam. In general, encyclopedias should not be cited as sources. They may be read as background and to help you get a sense of what is important, but they are condensed secondary sources. Scholarly work should be based on examination of primary sources such as original articles and books. ? Be sure that your citations are complete and accurate and that you have properly cited material that is not your own. Plagiarism on the comprehension exam will result in dismissal from the university and failure to earn your degree. Be aware that instructors have many on-line tools and programs to help them control for plagiarism, and they use these on a regular basis. ? You may include an outline of your answer, though it will not be graded. ? Be sure to complete a spell and grammar check before submitting your exam. ? You will include the exam question you are answering as the first part of the response; it does not count as part of the 1500-2100 word count. ? Your answer should close with a concluding statement that relates to the original problem and pulls your essay together.Sample Questions Below are three sample questions. These questions do not necessarily pertain to any specific course but are examples of what the questions will look like on the exam.1. Present a definition and trace the history of the concept, "intelligence." Howard Gardner has presented a theory of multiple intelligences and Daniel Goleman has popularized the idea of emotional intelligence. How do these contrast with the concept of "g" in intelligence theory? Discuss the nature/nurture controversy in intelligence theory. 2. Briefly outline the history and current status of the theory of evolution. In your answer discuss or comment on the following:i. What does it mean to call evolution a theory? ii. What is wrong with social Darwinism? iii. What is evolutionary psychology?3. What are the philosophic roots of rational living as described in A Guide to Rational Living by Ellis and Harper? Give an example of how the concepts that Ellis and Harper discuss can contribute to successful leadership.How long do I have to complete the exam? You will have two weeks after the date you select to return your exam responses (one week if you are retaking 1-2 questions from the previous semester). We do not accept exams after the due-date and missing the deadline results in an automatic failure. What can I do to prepare BEFORE the exam? ? Take the quiz located in the PACS Comprehensive Exam Canvas Section – this will give you the basic rules of the exam process. ? Review previous papers and coursework. Your exam will consist of four questions, chosen by your committee chair. Below is a brief description: ? Interdisciplinary Approaches to Learning ? Research Methods ? Core Study Area ? Elective Study Area
Answer Below:
Comprehensive xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx I xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Approaches xx Learning xxxxxxxxxxxx Diversity xx the xxxxxxx or xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx individuals xxxx different xxxxxxxxxxx Servaes xxxxxxxxx amp xxxxxx Diversity xxx been xxxxx to xx significant xx a xxxxxxxx environment xxxx is xxx reason xxx diversity xxxxx to xx managed xxx promoted xx the xxxxxxxxxx Since xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx been xxxxx to xx helpful xx promoting xxxxxxxxx in xxx classrooms xxxx essay xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx its xxxxxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxxxx appropriate xxxxxxxx Discussion xxxxxxxxx can xxxxxxxxxxxx as xxx concept xx recognizing xxx differences xxx uniqueness xx every xxxxxxxxxx may xx be xx terms xx age xxxxxxxx race xxxxxxx gender xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx among xxxxxx Swallow xx per xxx American xxxxxxx on xxxxxxxxx ACE xxxxxxxxxxx diversityin xxxxxx education xx highly xxxxxxxxxx for xxx nation xxxx is xxxxxxx diversity xxx been xxxxx to xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx experiences xx the xxxxxxxx This xxxxxxx encourages xxxxxxxx growth xx the xxxxxxxxxxx which xx turn xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx society xx has xxxx found xx strengthen xxxxxxxxxxx andbenefit xxxxxxxxxx All xxxxx altogether xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx competitiveness xx the xxxxxx This xx why xxxx public xxx private xxxxxxxxxxxx along xxxx colleges xx the xx have xxxx focusing xx maintaining xx well xx promoting xxxxxxxxx Most xx these xxxxxxxxxxxx believe xx maintaining xxxxxx and xxxxxx diversity xx that xxxx can xx able xx provide xxxxx quality xxxxxxxxx ACE xxxx it xxx be xxxx that xxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxx is xxxxx imperative xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx approaches xx learning xxxx been xxxxxxxxxxxx in xxx field xx education xx that xxxxxxxxx can xx ensured xx this xxxxxxx interdisciplinarity xxx be xxxxxxx as xxx notion xx combining xxxxxxxxx knowledge xx methods xxxx different xxxxxxxxxxx that xxx altogether xxxxxxx a xxxxxx phenomenon xxx resolve x real-life xxxxxxx This xx the xxxxxx why xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx approaches xxxx been xxxxxxx tied xx pedagogyand xxx contribution xx staff xxxxxx facilitating xxxxxxxxx through xxxxx practices xxx thought xxxxxxxxx In xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx interdisciplinarity xxxxxx to xxx integration xx insights xxxx different xxxxxxxxxxx so xxxx one xxxxxxxxxxxxx curriculum xxx be xxxxxxx It xx also xxxxx to xxxx it xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxx It xx through xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx approaches xxxx students xxx be xxxxxxxxx efficiently xxxxxxx creating x curriculum xxxx fosters xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx thinking xxxxxxx for xxx approach xx be xxxxxxxxx enough xxxxxxxxxxxxx efforts xx the xxxxxxxxxxx institution xxx staff xxxxxxx need xx be xxxxxxx because xxxx than xxx disciplines xxx integrated xx means xxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx curriculum xxx the xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxx disciplinary xxxxxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxxxx diversity xx the xxxxxxxx environment xxxx kind xx curriculum xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx diversity xxxxxxxxx and xxxxx dignity xxxx facilitated xxx only xxxxxxxxxx development xxx also xxx economic xxxxxx of xxx entire xxxxxx Here xxx role xx teachers xxxxxxx equally xxxxxxxxxx because xxxx are xxxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxxxxxxx students xxxxxxxxx analyze xxx interpret x wide xxxxx of xxxxxxxx derived xxxx diverse xxxxxxxxx Hammond xxx McCallum xxxx shows xxxx interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxx support xxx definition xx diversity xxxxxxx transcending xxxxxxxxxx James xxxxx further xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxx interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx education xxxx was xxxx evident xx literature xxx research xxxxx a xxxxxxx range xx opinions xxx viewpoints xxxx required xx conduct xxxxxx analysis xxx understanding xx a xxxxxx As xxxxxxxx increased xx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx more xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx strategies xxxx taken xxxx consideration xx incorporating xxxxxxxx from xxxxxxxxx fields xxx Baloy xxx Sens xx was xxxxx from xxxxx researches xxxx the xxxxxxx problems xxx only xx efficiently xxxxxxxxx with xxx help xx a xxxxxxxxx talented xxxxxxxxxx strengths xxxx different xxxxxxxxxxx This xx one xx the xxxxxxx why xxxxxxxx have xxxx encouraged xx develop xxxxxxxxxxx skills xxx capabilitiesso xxxx they xxx resolve xxxxxxx problems xx their xxxxxx environment xxxxxxx maintaining xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx teams xxxx diversity xxx interdisciplinarity xxxxxx have xxxx been xxxxxxx in xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx training xxxxx Jacob xxx these xxxxxxxx that xx interdisciplinary xxxxxxxx is xxxxx for xxxxxxxx diversity xxxxxx a xxxxxxxx environment xxx instance xx interdisciplinary xxxxxx was xxxxxxxx in xxx study xxxxxxxxx by xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx across xxxxx different xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx those xxxxxxxxxxx Society xxx Environment xxx Mathematics xx was xxxxx in xxxx study xxxx each xxxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx environment xxxxxxx important xxxxxxx the xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx of xxxx discipline xxxx equallyimportant xxxxxxx it xxx difficult xx maintain x balance xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxxxx Hence xxxxxxxx negotiations xxxx facilitated xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx team xx come xx a xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxx To xxxxxxxxxx this xxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx it xxx integral xxx the xxxx to xxxx an xxxxxxx level xx commitment xxx collaboration xx the xxxxx of xxxxxxx amp xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx was xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxx in xxx curriculum xx a xxxxxxx note xxxxxxxxxxxx opined xxxx mathematical xxxxxx are xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxx depict xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx For xxxx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxx recognition xxxxxxxx theory xxxxxx action xxxxxx and xxxx theory xxxx been xxxxx to xx appropriate xxxxx integrating xxx discipline xx mathematics xx has xxxx further xxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx encompasses xxxxxxx theories xxxx could xx applied xxx integrated xxxx other xxxxxxxxxxx so xxxx real-life xxxxxx can xx dealt xxxx as xxxxxxxxxxx as xxxxxxxx However xx was xxxxx that xxxx discipline xx itself xxx from xxxxxxxxxx association xxx restricted xx philosophical xxxxxxxxx Chettiparamb xxxxxxxxxxxx Tonnetti xxx Lentillon-Kaestner xxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx was xxx of xxx most xxxxx disciplines xx a xxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx approach xxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxx discipline xxxxxxxx has xxxx found xx be xxxxxxxx to x significant xxxxxx Tonnetti xxx Lentillon-Kaestner xxxx is xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx discipline xxx been xxxxxxxxxx to xx more xxxxxx in xxx field xx education xxx issues xxxx were xxxxx in xxx field xx Mathematics xx well xx Science xxxx alsoemphasized xx the xxxxx of xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx along xxxx those xxxxxxx to xxx environment xxx society xxxx this xxxxx incorporated xxx social xxxxxxx strategy xx that xxxxxxxxxxxx understanding xxxxx be xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx experiences xxxxx be xxxxxx It xxx be xxxxxxxxxx from xxxx study xxxx insights xxxx each xxxxxxxxxx can xx interconnected xxx used xxx imparting xxxx and xxxxxxxx knowledge xx the xxxxxxxx for xxxxx overall xxxxxxx Hammond xxx McCallum xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx it xxx further xxxx stated xx Chettiparamb xxxx several xxxxxxx suggested xxx requirement xx taking xxxx advantage xx interdisciplinary xxx diverse xxxxxxxxx It xxx also xxxx advised xxxx this xxxxxxxxxx can xx applied xx enhancing x curriculum xxxxxxx insights xxxxxxxx in xxxx subject xxx found xx create xxxxxxxxxx expertise xxxx is xxxxxx because xx involves xxxxxxxx ideologies xxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxxx It xxx also xxxx opined xxxx high-quality xxxxxxx has xxx ability xx highlight xxxxxxxxxxxxx problems xx that xxx integration xx other xxxxxxxxxxx can xxxxxxx them xxxxxxxxxxxxx Chettiparamb xxxxxxx elucidated xxxx several xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx explored xxx integration xx mathematics xxx science xx a xxxxxxx note xxxxx explored xxx integration xx mathematics xxxx science xx was xx this xxxxxx understood xxxx the xxxxx that xxxx this xxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx is xxxx within x course xxxxxxxx are xxxxx to xxxxxxx mathematical xxxxxx It xxx particularly xxxxxxxx that xxxx strengthened xxxxx skills xx prepare xxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx which xx a xxxx of xxx subject xx science xxxxxxx the xxxxxxx was xxxxx to xx dependent xx the xxxxxxx put xxxxx by xxx faculty xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx disciplines xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx needs xx facilitate xxxxxxxxx inclusion xxx equity xx the xxxx of xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx Overall xx was xxxxxxxxx in xxxx study xxxx academic xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx are xxxxxxxxxxxxxx with xxxx other xxxxx is xxx of xxx reasons xxx interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxx to xx quite xxxxxxxxx inpromoting xxxxxxxxxxxx among xxxxxxxx Greer xx was xxxxxxx evident xxxx the xxxxxxx of x teacher xxxxxxx it xxx stated x think xx doesn x really xxxxxx in xx lessons xxxxxxx I x a xxxxx teacher x ll xx able xx bring xxxxxxx of xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx in xx make xxx Maths xxxxxxxx much xxxx rich xxxxxxx amp xxxxxxxx p xx was xxxxxxx understood xx this xxxxx that xxx the xxxxxxxxxxx influenced xxxxxxx positive xxxxxxx within xxx curriculum xxxxx in xxxx helped xxxxxxxx as xxxx as xxxxxxxx environments xx was xxxxx in xxxx aspect xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxx kinds xx interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxx availed xxxxxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx in-depth xxxxxxxxx connections xx that xxx related xxxxxxxx can xx addressed xxxxxxxxxxx Hammond xxx McCallum xx was xxxxxxxxxx found xxxx interdisciplinarity xxxxxxx these xxxxxxxxxxx was xxxxxx effective xx be xxxxxxx in x middle- xxxxxx setting xxxxxxx amp xxxxxxxx Hollstein xxx Smith xxxxxxx highlighted xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx can xx applied xx integrating xx with xxxxxxxxxxxxx education xxx social xxxxxxx This xxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx is xxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx civic xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx which xxx be xxxxxxxx with xxx help xx new xxxxxxxxxx modeling xxxxxxxxx amp xxxxx This xxxxxxx students xx resolve xxxxxx as x part xx a xxxxxxx democracy xxxxxxx discovery xxxxxxxx Conclusion xxxxxxxx understanding xxxx this xxxxx it xxx be xxxxxxxxx that xxx three xxxxxxxx disciplines xxxxx have xxxx focused xx in xxxx essay xxx be xxxxxxx in xxx field xx education xxx the xxxxxxxx environment xxxxxxxxxxx Though xxxxx are xxxxxxx disciplines xxxx have xxxx integrated xxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx higher xxxxxxx education xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx have xxxx found xx be xxxxxx combined xxxxx from xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx is xxxx integrated xxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx subjects xx that xxxxxxxxx or xxxxxx issues xxx be xxxxxxxxx Overall xxxxx interdisciplinarityapproaches xxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxx to xxxxxxx diversity xxxxxxx providinga xxxxxxxxxxxx learning xxxxxxxxxx to x wide xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx irrespective xx their xxxxxxxxxxx Area xx Research xxxxxxx In xxxx part xx the xxxxx several xxxxxxxx related xx quantitative xxxxxxxx are xxxxxxx and xxxxx importance xx also xxxxxxxx in xxxxxx Epistemology xx research xxxxxxxxxxxx refers xx the xxxxxx in xxxxx philosophical xxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx upon xxx kind xx possible xxxxxxxxx and xxx manner xx which xxxxxxxxxxx can xxxxxx that xxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx Ahmed xxx Saadi xxxxxxx stated xxxx epistemology xxxxx with xxx nature xx insights xxx legitimacy xxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx Therefore xx can xx said xxxx epistemology xx an xxxxxxxxxx regarding xxx fundamentals xx knowledge xxxxxxxx In xxxxxxxxxxxx research xxxxxx epistemology xx found xx be xxxxxxxxxx because xx the xxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx can xxxx the xxxxxxx to xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx that xxxx to xx addressed xxxxxxx research xxxx further xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx with xxx ways xx facilitate xxxx inclusive xxx interpretive xxxxxxxx Godwin xx al xxxx is xxx advantage xx using xxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxx Ontology xxxxxxxx can xx defined xx the xxxxxxxxxx of x being xx other xxxxx ontology xxx be xxxxxxxx to xx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx Ahmed xx can xxxx be xxxx that xx is x notion xxxxxxx to xxx existence xx and xxxxxxxxxxx between xxxxxx aspects xx society xxxxxxxxx social xxxxxxxxxx social xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx norms xxxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxx incorporating xxxx kind xx methodology xxxxxxx to xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx a xxxxxx reality xxxxxx or xxx which xx independent xx human xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx Al-Saadi xxxx kind xx method xx also xxxxxxxxxx while xxxxxxxxxx quantitative xxxxxxxx because xx enables x researcher xx have x different xxxxxxxxxxx on xxxxxxx social xxxxxxx by xxxxxxxx that xxx reality xx social xxxxxxxxxxx exists xxxxxxxxxxx also xxxx to xx made xxxx the xxxxx is xxxxxxxx responsive xx positive xx well xx scientific xxxxx of xxxxxxx and xx an xxxxxxxx entity xxxx method xxxx enables xxxxxxxxxxx to xxxx that xxxxxx reality xx co-constructed xx people xxx interact xx form xxxxxxx in xxx world xxx these xxxxxx the xxxxxxx of x quantitative xxxxx to xxxx out xxx truth xx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx with xxxxxxxx interpretation xxxxxxx Reliability xxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxx is xxxxxx essential xxxxxxx it xx the xxxxxxxxx of xxx steadiness xx the xxxxxxxx variables xxxxxxxx after xxxxxxxx measurements xxxxx similar xxxxxxxxxxxxx using xxx same xxxxxxxxxx Thus xx can xx said xxxx reliability xx a xxxxxxx that xxxxx to xx ensured xxxx in xxx results xx research xxxxxxxxxx while xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx instruments x r x amp xxxxxxxx On x similar xxxx Mohajan xxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx is xxx of xxx criteria xxx ensuring xxxx measurements xxxx been xxxxxxxxxxxx in x qualitative xxxxxxxx study xxxxxxxxx reliability xxx been xxxxxxx as xxx faiththat x researcher xxx have xx the xxxx gathered xx using x specific xxxxxxxxxx It xxx also xx referred xx as xxx degree xx which xxx tool xxxx for xxxxxxxxxxx controls xxxxxx errors xxxxxxx All xxxxx show xxxx while xxxxx any xxxx of xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxx it xx highly xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxxx so xxxx the xxxxxxx of xxx concerned xxxxxxxx can xx ensured xx be xxxx to xxx maximum xxxxxxxx extent xxxxxxxx Similar xx reliability xxxxxxxx is xxxx a xxxxxxxxx of xxxx measurement xxxxxxx it xx related xx whether xxx instrument xxx be xxxxxxxx by xxxxxxxxxxx quality xx can xxxx be xxxxxxxx to xx a xxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxx how xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx or xxxxx can xxxxxxx its xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx the xxxxxxxx objectives xxx aims x r x amp xxxxxxxx It xxx been xxxxxxx argued xxxx reliability xx different xxxx validity xxxx is xxxxxxx validity xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxx results xxxxxxxx in x quantitative xxxxxxxx design xxxxx reliability xx nothing xxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxx concerned xxxxxx It xxx further xxxx understood xxxx both xxxxx criteria xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxx research xxxxxx it xxxx also xx noted xxxx validity xx quite xxxxxxxxx in x quantitative xxxxx because x measurement xxx be xxxxxxxx but xx can xxxxxx invalid xxxxxxx This xxxx further xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx results xx the xxxxx Therefore xx has xxxx suggested xxxx for xxxxxxxxxxxx or xxxxxx it xx quite xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx bothvalidity xxx reliability xxxxxxxx Validity xx a xxxxxxxxxxxx research xxxxxx it xx important xx maintain xxxx kinds xx validity xxxxxx external xxx internal xxxxxxxx validity xxx be xxxxxx as xx examination xx whether xxx conduct xxxxxxxx and xxxxx design xxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx questions xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxx kind xx biases xx not xxxxxxx This xxxx of xxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx because xx it xx lacking xx simply xxxxx that xxx findings xx the xxxxx diverge xxxx the xxxxx This xxxxxxx indicates xxxx a xxxxxxxxxx cannot xxxx to x pertinent xxxxxxxxxx if xxx results xxx not xxxxxxxxxx valid xxxx in xxxx makes xxxxxxxx validityirrelevant xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx internal xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxx can xxxxxx quality xxxxxxx and xxxxxx planning xx the xxxxxx size xxxxxxxxxx and xxxx analysis xxxxxxx Patino xxx Ferreira xxx these xxxx that xxxxxxxx validity xx quite xxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxx research xxxxxxxx Validity xxxxxxxx validity xxxxxx to xxx examination xx whether xxx results xx the xxxxxxxxxxxx study xxx be xxxxxxxxxxx to xxx broader xxxxxxxxxxx or xxx Andrade xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxx validity xxxxxxxx validity xx also xxxxxxx imperative xxx reason xxx stating xxxx is xxxx if x trial xxxxx this xxxx of xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx may xxx be xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxxx other xxxx those xxxxxx as xxx target xxxxxxxxxx This xxxxx that xxx generalizability xx the xxxxxxxx findings xxx be xxxxxxx to xxxx a xxxxxxx kind xx population xxxx researchers xxx increase xxxxxxxx validity xx incorporating xxxxx inclusion xxxxxxxx of xxxx Patino xxx Ferreira xxxxxxxxxxx Conclusion xxxxxxxx Statistical xxxxxxxxxx Validity xxx is xxxx kind xx validity xxxx involves xxx extent xx data xx become x link xxxxxxx independent xxx dependent xxxxxxxxx to xxxxxxx statistical xxxxxx Therefore xx is xxxx imperative xx ensure xxx because xxxx the xxxxxxxx are xxxxx on xxxxxxxx data xxxxxxxx of x study xxxxx uses xxxxxx statistical xxxxxxx only xxxx it xx considered xx be xxxxx Ensuring xxxx kind xx validity xxxxx that xxx data xxxxxxxx from x small xxxxxx is xxxxxxxx alongside xxxxx logical xxx capable xx addressing xxx research xxxxxxxxx posed xx the xxxxxxxxx of x research xxxxx Thus xx has xxxxxx imperative xx maintain xxxx kind xx validity xx today x research xxxxxxx findings xxxxxxx from xxxxxxxxxx data xxxxxxxx yielded xxxxxxxxx outcomes xxxx cannot xx supported xx proper xxxxxxxx Garc xx P xxx Generalizability xx maintaining xxx generalizability xxxxx a xxxxxxxxxxx role xxxxxxx SCV xxxxxxxx the xxxxxx to xxxxx data xxxxxxxx is xxxxx on xxxxxxx which xxxxxx be xxxxxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxx Thus xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx means xxx ability xx a xxxxxxxx finding xx be xxxxxxxx to x broader xxxxxxx Therefore xxx research xx be xxxxx in xxxxx setting xx is xxxxxxxxx for xxx findings xx be xxxxxxxxxxxxx If xxxx aspect xx lacking xx research xxxxxxxx it xxx be xxxxxxxxxx as xxxxxxx In xxxxx generalization xx the xxxxxx picture xx the xxxxxxxx obtained xxxx a xxxxx of xxxxx samples xxxxxxx this xxx only xx done xx internal xxxxxxxx is xxxxxxx Kukull xxx Ganguli xxxx I xxxxx This xxxx of xxxxx often xxxxxx when xxx null xxxxxxxxxx is xxxxxxxx even xxxxxx no xxxxxxxxxx exists xx reality xxxx means xxxx this xxxx of xxxxx occurs xxxx it xx proven xx the xxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxx differ xxxx actually xxxx do xxx Shreffler xxx Huecker xxxx II xxxxx Contrary xx the xxxx I xxxxx Type xx occurs xxxx it xx found xxx that xxxxx is xx association xx difference xxxxx variables xxx in xxxxxxxxx they xx differ xx relate xxxx each xxxxx All xxxxx indicate xxxx both xxxx I xxx II xxxxxx create xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx or xxxxxxxx of xxx research xxxxxxxxx amp xxxxxxx Statistical xxxxx SCV xx also xxxxx to xx related xx an xxxxxxxxxx assessment xx statistical xxxxx In xxxx regard xxxxxxxxxxx power xxx be xxxxxxx as xxx quality xx statistical xxxxxxx incorporated xxxxxx a xxxxx Ensuring xxxxxxxxxxx power xx essential xx research xxxxxxx it xxxxxxxxxx how xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx have xxxx derived xxxx the xxxxxx population xxxx the xxx of xxxxx sample xxxx Thus xx increase xxxxxxxxxxx power xx is xxxxxxxxxx to xxxxxx sample xxxx Sedgwick xxxx a-P xxx Statistical xxxxxxxxxxxx Statistical xxxxxxxxxxxx is xxxxx to xx highly xxxxxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxxx research xxxxxx as xxxxxxxxxx are xxxxxx in xxxx kind xx study xxxxxxxxx to xxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx statistical xxxxxxxxxxxx can xx considered xx a xxxxxxxxxxx measure xxxxxxx to xxx aspect xxxx the xxxx hypothesis xx true xxxx compared xxxx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx that xxxxxx in xxxxxxxxx that xxxxxxxxxx result xxxxxxx there xxx certain xxxxxx that xxxxxx be xxxxx into xxx consideration xxxxx looking xx statistical xxxxxxxxxxxx The xxxxxx can xxxxx from xxxxxxxx significance xx the xxxxxx of xxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx methods xx analysis xx is xxxx with xxx proper xxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx aspects xxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx significance xx research xxxxxx be xxxxxxxxxx Tenny xxx Abdelgawad xxxx will xxxxxx researchers xxxxxx pertinent xxxxxxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxx a xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx that xxx results xxx reliable xxx real xxxxxxx it xxxxxx be xxxxx that xxxxxxxxxxx significance xx not xxxxxx required xxx all xxxxx of xxxxxxxx Prime xxxxxxxx Solutions xxx It xx vital xx a xxxxxxxxxxxx type xx research xxxxxx Area xxx Core xxxxx Area xxxxxxxxx from xxxxxxxx Literature xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Studies xxx Time xxxxxx History xx the xxxxxx of xxxxxxxx Literature xx Interdisciplinary xxxxxxx I xxxxxxx from xxx text xx Tudge xxx humanity xxxxxxx To xx specific xxx text xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxx planet xxx humankind xxxxxxx exploring xxx findings xx earth xxxxxxx geology xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxx among xxxxxx I xxxxxxx learned xxxxxxxx related xx continental xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx species xx earth xxx histories xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx development xx humankind xxxxxx the xxxx of x million xxxxx from xxx Tudge xxxxxxx relates xxx these xxxxxxx in xxx current xxxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxxxxx them xx the xxxxxx Towards xxx end xx the xxxx the xxxxxx suggeststhat xxxxx control xxxxx to xx considered xx terms xx environment xxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxx so xxxx a xxxxxx future xxx be xxxxxxx The xxxx of xxx Finch xxx text xx Beak xx the xxxxx was xxxxxxx by xxxxxxxx Weiner xx this xxxx Wiener xxxxxxxxxx a xxxxx that xxxxxxx life xxx the xxxxxxx affecting xx This xxx understood xx conducting xxxxxxxx on xxx evolution xx isolated xxxxx over xxxxxxx years xxx author xx the xxxx also xxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx that xxxxx influence xxxxx kinds xx evolution xxxx as xxx complex xxxxxxx of xxxxxx weather xxxxxx and xxxxxxx in xxx food xxxxx I xxxxxxxxxx understood xxxx this xxxx that xxxxx selective xxxxxxxxx influence xxx degree xx changes xxxx take xxxxx in xxx looks xxx appearances xx different xxxxxxx including xxxxxx Wiener xxxx this xxxx involves xxx details xx scientific xxxxxxxx which xxxxxxxxxxx significantly xx understanding xxx course xx Critical xxxxxxxxxx inInterdisciplinary xxxxxxx because xxx information xxxxxxx well xx the xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxx life xxx Creation xx Patriarchy xxx text xx Lerner xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx in xxxx world xxxxxxx giving xxxxxxxxxx pieces xx evidence xxxx ancient xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxx societies xxx author xx this xxxx further xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx images xxx metaphors xxxxxxx to xxx notion xx patriarchy xxxx exists xx Western xxxxxxx even xxxxx This xxxx can xx considered xx a xxxxxxx review xx the xxxxxx concerning xxxxxxx civilization xxxxxxx through xxxx text x learned xxxx the xxxxxxxxx of xxx over xxxxx was xxx at xxx related xx biology xxx was xxxxxxxx associated xxxx previous xxxxxx and xxxxxxxx interests xxxxxxxxxx it xxxxx be xxxxxxxxxx from xxxx text xxxx patriarchy xxx a xxxxxx of x historical xxxxxxx as xxxxxx allocated xxx roles xxx responsibilities xx men xxx women xxxxxxxxxxx These xxxxxxxx were xxxxxxx by xxx author xxxx the xxx of xxxxxxx artistic xxxxxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx sources xxxxx proves xxx arguments xxxxx by xxxxxx Idols xx the xxxxx The xxxx written xx Isaacs xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx as x kind xx power xx tearing xxxxxxxxx apart xx building xxxxxxx This xxxx significantly xxxxxxx on xxxxxxxx understanding xxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxx science xxxxx are xxxxx into xxx consideration xx that xxxxx identities xxxxx shaped xxxxxxxxxx under xxx pressure xx political xxxxxxxxxxx could xx identified xxx text xxxxxxx indicates xxxx these xxxxx of xxxxxxx had xxxxxxxxxxxx irrespective xx different xxxxxxxxx I xxxx learned xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx elements xxxx helped xx group xxxxxxxx formation xxx the xxxxxx of xxxxxx pluralism xxxx shaped xxx concept xx ethnicity xx the xx Primate xxxxxxx I xxxx learned xxxxx the xxxxxx significantly xxxx the xxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx In xxxx text xxx author xxxxxx discusseshow xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxx perceived xxx sexual xxxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxx primates xxxxxxx this xxxx the xxxxxx was xxxx to xxxxxxx new xxxxxxxx related xx feminism xxxxxxx raising xxxxxxxxxxx concerns xxx addressing xxxxxxxxxx questions xxxxx heterosexuality xxx family xxxxxx The xxxx also xxxxxxxx me xxxxx racial xxxxxxxx and xxxxxx roles xxxxxxx to xxxxxxxxxxx which xx turn xxxx me xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx of xxx closest xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxx in xxx animal xxxxxxx Haraway xxx Biology xx Moral xxxxxxx This xxxx written xx Alexander xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxx history xxx life xx moral xxxxxxx from xxx perspectives xx biologists xxxx this xxxx we xxx a xxxxxxxxxxxxx understanding xx biology xxx its xxxxxxxx to xxxxx systems xxxxxxx exploring xxx evolution xx humans xxxx book xxxx derived xxxxxxxxxxxx from xxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxxxxxx so xxxx the xxxxxxx in xxxxxxxx can xx understood xx detail xxx author xxxxxxx evaluates xxx notion xx morality xx terms xx confluences xxx conflicts xx interests xxxxx humans xxxxxxx emphasizing xxxxx behavior xxx the xxxxx psyche xxx author xxxxxxxxxx came xx the xxxxxxxxxx that xxxxx questions xxxxxxx from xxxxxxxxx and xxxxx systems xxx just xxx ways xx use xxxxxxxxxxx at xxx lower xxxxx of xxxxxxx Einstein xxxxxxx and xxxxx Passions xxx book xx Holton xxxx contributed xx my xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxx course xxx main xxxxxx for xxxxxxx this xx that xxx book xxxxxxxx me xxxx information xxxxx academic xxx political xxxxxxx on xxxxxxx It xxx also xxxxxxx through xxx book xxxx these xxxxxxx led xx the xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx budget xxxxxxx for xxxxxxxx This xx turn xxx found xx drive xxx holders xx varied xxxxxxxxxxx to xxxx up xxx career xx stockbrokers x further xxxxxxx from xxxx textbook xxxx science xxx a xxxxxxxxxxx impact xx our xxxxxxx not xxxx in xxx historical xxxxxxx but xxxx in xxx contemporary xxxxx Overall xx was xxxxxxxxxx that xxxx science xx dependent xx instinctive xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxx on xxx part xx the xxxxxxxxxx which xxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxx notion xx Western xxxxxxxxxxxx Scientific xxxxxxxxx The xxxx of xxxxxxx also xxxxxxxxxxx to xx understanding xx interdisciplinary xxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx From xxxx book x got xx idea xx how xx maintain xxxxxxxxxx integrity xxxxx conducting xxxxxxxx The xxxx further xxxxxxxx me xxxx information xx skill-building xxxxx that xxx be xxxx for xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxx that xxx normally xxxxx by xxxxxxxxxx These xxxxxx range xxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxx intellectual xxxxxxxx ethical xxx social xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx record xxxxxxx conflict xx interest xxxxxxxxxx publication xxx mentoring xx collaboration xxxxxxx I xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxx in xxxxxxxxxxx scientific xxxxxxxxx in xxxx stage xx research xxxx all xxx above-mentioned xxxxxxxxx I xxx able xx gain xxxxxxxxxx insights xxxx the xxxxxx thereby xxxxxx a xxxxxxxx idea xx interdisciplinary xxxxxxx This xxx because xx almost xxx the xxxxx more xxxx one xxxxxxxxxxxxx used xx explore xxx notions xxxxx into xxxxxxxxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxx interconnections xxxxxxx them xxxx provided x holistic xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxx concepts xxxxx discussed xxx the xxxxxx course xxxxxxxxx from xxxxxxxx Interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxxx Things xxxx Apart xxx text xx Achebe xxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxxxx lives xx people xx Igboland xxx further xxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxx invasion xx the xx century xxxx book xxx been xxxxxxxxxx to xx an xxxxxxxxxx novel xx the xxxxxx which xxx recognized xxxxxxxx The xxxx also xxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx evidence xx the xxxxx of xxxxxxxxx after xxxxxxxxxxx From xxxx novel x came xx know xxxx Nigerians xxx tribal xxxxxx had xx suffer xxxx war xxx violence xxxxxx this xxx However x also xxxxxxxxxx their xxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx aspects xx an xxxxxxxx manner xxx Structure xx Scientific xxxxxxxxxxx The xxxx written xx Kuhn xxxxx with xxxxxx concepts xx scientific xxxxxxxx The xxxxxx argued xx this xxxx that xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ideas xx not xxxxx from xxxxx experimentation xxxxxxx these xxxxx of xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx have xxxxx rise xx disruptive xxxxxxxxxxxxx developments xxxx this xxxx I xxx an xxxxxxxx understanding xx scientific xxxxxxxxxxx that xxxx place xx the xxxxx The xxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx Revolutions xxxx the xxxx of xxxxxxx provided xx with xx understanding xx advanced xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx foundations xxxx this xxxx I xxxxxxx understood xxx concept xx the xxxxx Chain xx Being xxx book xxxxxxx helped xx understand xxx structure xx society xxxx in xxx th xxxxxxx thereby xxxxxxxxxxxx the xxxxxxxxxx of xxxxxxxxxx plenitude xxx continuity xxxxx principles xxxx carefully xxxxxxxxxxx with xxx ideation xx renowned xxxxxxxxxxxx such xx Plato xx that xxx diversity xxxxxxx in xxxxxxxx and xxxxx disciplines xxxxx be xxxxxxxxxx These xxxxxxxxx provided xx with xx in-depth xxxxxxxxxxxxx of xxx course xxxxxxx highlighting xxx importance xx interdisciplinarity xx creating xxxxxxxxxxxx underpinnings xxxxxxxxxxxx between xxxxxxxx Interdisciplinary xxxxxxxxxxx and xxxxxxxx Literature xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Studies xxx two xxxxxxx that xxxx been xxxxxxxx through xxx texts xx the xxxxx sectionsare xxxxx to xx complementing xxxx other xxx reason xxx stating xxxx is xxxx both xxxx with xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx approaches xxxx have xxxx adopted xx scientists xxx researchers xx understand xxx concepts xxx ideas xx the xxxx Considering xxxxx courses xxxxxxxx can xxxxxx students xx deriving xxxxxxxx regarding xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx and xxxxx world xxxxxxx HoweverMore Articles From
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