Question.1234 - Annotated Bibliography Rosaivette Baez University of Massachusetts Lowell School of Criminology and Justice Studies (CRIM4890 - Capstone Senior Seminar in Criminology & Criminal Justice) Professor Ian A. Elliott, PhD February 16th, 2024 Annotated Bibliography Topic: Police Crisis Intervention Teams (specifically addressing the policing of mental illness). Rogers, M. S., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2019). Effectiveness of Police Crisis Intervention Training Programs. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 47(4), 414-421. The comprehensive study conducted by Roger et al. (2019) analyzed the effectiveness of the Police Crisis Intervention Training Program pertaining to mental health, taking into account the 1000 people who were shot by police officers in 2018, among which 25% of the people were with mental illness, the percentage seems to have experienced steady growth from 2015. The research evaluates the performance of Crisis Intervention Teams in real-world scenarios in terms of how it has reduced the risk of injury during an emergency between people with mental illness and police officers and also reviews several systemative studies concerning the optimized use of CIT by law enforcement forces in terms of many internal departments through perspectives training proponents and trainers if CIts. This research helps in understanding the ground reality of Police CITs when policing mental illness, for instance, the case of Salt Lake City police shooting a distraught 12-year-old boy with an autism spectrum disorder.? Purba, A., & Demou, E. (2019). The relationship between organizational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 19, 1-21. This research was intended to explore the rationale for police in terms of accountability for people with mental illness, in accordance with the boundaries of public law, considering their authority and responsibility to protect the stakeholder's welfare, and also questioning the obligation to protect the disabilities. This ethical consideration was made in this research with the understanding that police are often viewed as gatekeepers or decision-makers while assessing who decided on the criminal justice system or mental health system. The insights from the study will aid in studying the failure to recognize mental illness leading to hidden criminalization. What are the ways to prevent such instances from occurring, and how can mental health systems collaborate with law enforcement? Kane, E., Evans, E., & Shokraneh, F. (2018). Effectiveness of current policing?related mental health interventions: A systematic review. Criminal behavior and mental health, 28(2), 108-119. The study of the effectiveness of current policing-related mental health intervention through a systematic review assesses the three most used mental health interventions with policing that is; street triage, diversion, and liaison - with people from field expertise to imply the need for CITs to take their responding approach towards mental disorder. The study utilizes 29 databases to develop a population/participant, intervention/indicator, comparator/control, and outcome (PICO) framework and pick that intervention that proved to be successful over time, creating a positive impact on all the stakeholders involved. This peer-reviewed paper aids the topic in terms of mitigating more than one effective solution in order to establish a multi-faceted approach and establish an inclusive environment with policymakers and other stakeholders. Marcus, N., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2022). Re?examining mental health crisis intervention: A rapid review comparing outcomes across police, co?responder and non?police models.?Health & Social Care in the Community,?30(5), 16651679. Marcus (2022) takes an intertwined interpretation of mental health crisis from the standpoint of first default responders, which casts the burden on them since the time of assessment to identify a person with criminal intent and a person of mental illness is very short, leading to several patterns of escalations caused by aggression and minimal scope of resorting the violence, which questions the CIT's and co-response programs in order improve their pairing with law enforcement. This systematic research evaluates various databases with varying scenarios from 2010 to 2020, providing a vast collection of datasets and proposing high-quality policies that could facilitate cross-sectorial collaboration with various departments. This comprehensive study will aid the research in terms of providing diverse datasets involving police, co-responder, and non-police models of mental health crisis intervention, such that when drafting a way forward and proposing solutions, it will be backed up with tested effective models acceptable to service users.? Chidgey, K., Procter, N., Baker, A., & Grech, C. (2019). Police response to individuals displaying suicidal or self?harming behaviors: An integrative review.?Health & social care in the community,?27(3), e112-e124. The research intends to add demographic insights, considering how police are first responders to people with mental illness wherein over the last decade, it is seen that police handled a larger proportion of individuals in suicidal crisis as the first responders, and it is observed that prior contact with police despite the victim or perpetrator is common for an individual in self-harm crisis. The research explores demographic elements like age, relationship status, intoxication and substance use, cultural influence, and history of mental illness in understanding how training intervention could aid the front-line responders in tackling varying mental illness scenarios. These resources aid in understanding demographical factors in drafting crisis intervention and better mitigating outcomes - for instance, the dataset consists of interviews of police officers who served as negotiators with training were 94% of the time confident in handling the self-harm crisis with varying demographic influence when compared to the untrained. This sets a tone to assess the complex network of risk from a different angle involving demographic statistics.?
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